ABOUT SEMANTICS IS? ...

Semantics is a linguistic and philosophical study of meaning in language, programming languages, formal logic, and semiotics.
it deals with the relationship between markers-such as words, phrases, signs, and symbols-and what they stand for in reality.

Semantics is the study of the relationship between signs (symbols) with objects referred to by these signs.
In international scientific semantic vocabulary it is also called semasiology. The word semantics was first used by Michael Breal, a French philologist. It shows a variety of ideas - from popular to very technical. This is often used in ordinary language to describe understanding problems related to word choice or connotation. This understanding problem has been the subject of many formal, over a long period of time, especially in the formal semantic field. In linguistics, this is a studio about the interpretation of signs or symbols used in agents or communities in certain contexts and contexts. In this view, sounds, facial expressions, body language, and proxemics have semantic content (relationships), and each consists of several branches of study. In written language, things like paragraph structures and punctuation contain semantic content; other semantics.

Types of Semantics
There are several types of semantics that are known including:

    1.Behaviorist Semantics
Behaviorists have a general attitude:

(1) adherents of the behaviorist view are not too sure about terms that are mentalistic in the form of mind, concept, and ideas:

(2) there are no essential differences between human and animal behavior:

(3) prioritizing learning factors and not sure about innate factors: and

(4) the mechanism or its determination.

Based on the sketch the meaning is in the range between stimulus and response, between stimulation and answer. Meaning is determined by the situation, which means it is determined by the environment. Therefore, meaning can only be understood if there is observable data in the environment of human experience.

Example: a mother who feeds food on sibayi.

    2.Descriptive Semantics

Descriptive semantics are semantic studies that specifically show the current meaning. The meaning of the word when it first appears. Not noticed. For example, in the Indonesian language there is the word champion, the person who gets the highest rank in the match without regard to the previous meaning, namely the regulator or the divorce in the chicken union. So, descriptive Semantics only pay attention to the present meaning.

    3.Generative Semantics

Famous concepts in this genre are:

(1) competence, namely the ability or knowledge of the language understood in communication:

(2) external structure, namely language elements in the form of words or sentences that sound like: and

(3) inner structure, that is the meaning which is inside the outer structure. This flow became famous with the emergence of Chomsky's book in 1957 which was later updated.

Generative semantic theory emerged in 1968 because of linguist dissatisfaction with Chomsky's opinion. In their opinion semantic structures and syntactic structures are homogeneous. The inner structure is not the same as the semantic structure. To relate it is illustrated by one rule, namely transformation. This theory arrives at the conclusion that grammar consists of an internal structure that contains nothing but a semantic structure and an outer structure which is the embodiment of the utterances of these two structures connected by a process called transformation.

   4.Grammatical Semantics

Grammatical semantics is a simultaneous study which specifically examines the meaning contained in sentence units. Verhaar says Grammatical Semantics is much more difficult to analyze. To analyze the sentence still sitting, brother is already sleeping not only interpreted from the words that make it up. One must interpret the entire contents of the sentence as well as what is behind the sentence. A word will change its meaning when placed or combined with other words.

    5.Lexical Semantics

Lexical semantics is a more satisfying simultaneous study in the discussion of the meaning systems contained in words. Lexical semantics are not too difficult. A dictionary is a good example of lexical Semantics: the meaning of each word is described there. So, lexical semantics pays attention to the meaning contained in word sentences as independent units.

    6.Historical Semantics

Historical semantics is the study of semantics that examines systems of meaning in time series. This historical semantic study emphasizes the study of meaning in the span of time, not the change in word form. Changes in word form are studied more in hoistorical linguistics. The origin of the word becomes part of the etymology study. This semantic compares words based on periods or between words at a certain time with words in other languages. For example in BI there is the word rice and in Javanese there is the word pari. The phonemes / d / and / r / correspond.

    7.Semantic Logic

Sematic logic is a branch of modern logic that deals with symbolic concepts and notations in semantic language analysis. Logic examines the system of meaning as seen from logic as it applies in mathematics that refers to the word study of meaning or interpretation of teachings, especially those formed in the logic system by Carnap is called semantics.

In the semantics of logic discussed the meaning of proxies that are distinguished from sentences, because different sentences in the same language can be uttered in the same proportion. Instead, a sentence can be said in two or more proportions. Proportions can be right or wrong, and symbols are referred ts proportional variables in logic semantics.

8.Structural semantics is the study of the relationship between the meanings of terms in sentences, and how meanings can be arranged from smaller elements.

Semantic Definition According to Experts

1.Dr. Pateda Mansoer Semantics is a linguistic sub-discipline that discusses meaning.

2. Hurford and Heasley Semantics is one of the technical terms that refers to the study of the meaning of words. 

3. Encyclopedia of Britanica Semantics is the study of the relationship between a linguistic differentiator and the relationship of mental processes or symbols in speech activities. 

4. Kridalaksana Semantics, which is one part of the structure of language associated with the meaning of expressions and with the meaning structure of speech. 

5. Charles Morrist Semantics is one thing to examine the relationship of signs with objects that are containers for the application of these signs. 

6. Griffiths Semantics is the study of the meaning of science about codes in language vocabulary and patterns to construct more complex meanings, down to the level of sentence meanings. 

7. Chaer Semantics is a relationship between words and the concept or meaning of the word, as well as objects or things that are referred to by meaning that are outside of language. 

8. Kreidler Semantics is the systematic study of meaning, and linguistic semantics is the study of how language organizes and expresses meaning. 

9. Kambartel Semantics is to assume that language consists of structures that display meaning when related to objects in the experience of the human world. 

10. J.W.M Verhaar Semantics is one of the theories of meaning or theory of meaning, namely the systematic branch of language that investigates meaning or meaning. 

11. Tarigan Semantics can examine symbols or signs that express meaning, the relationship of meaning to one another, and its influence on humans and society. 

12. Palmer Semantics is a term that refers to a study of meaning, and because meaning is part of language, semantics is part of linguistics. 

13. Lyons Semantics is a relatively new origin term, which was created at the end of the nineteenth century from the meaning of the Greek verb which means "to signify". 

14. Lehrer Semantics is a very broad field of study, because it also alludes to aspects of the structure and function of language so that it can be linked to psychology, philosophy and anthropology.

Semantic Benefits:

1. For reporters, reporters and press reports Can make it easier to choose and use words with the right meaning in conveying information to the public. 

2. For Language Researchers To analyze the language being studied. Will provide theoretical and practical benefits. Will help in better understanding the language that will be taught. 
3. For the Laity To be able to understand the world that is full of information and linguistic traffic that continues to grow.

Semantic Elements:

Of course in all things there are elements that make up these things. There are three main elements that make up semantics.
The following are the elements and a brief explanation.

1. Signs and symbols Both of these are things that must exist in linguistics. Although rooted in linguistics, but if the sign is developed into a theory called semiotic, it will have three aspects that have semantic connection. The three aspects are syntactic, pragmatic, and sematic.

2. Referential Relationship and Lexical Meaning The lexical element is the smallest meaning that can be obtained from a language science. This lexical meaning can be distinguished from one another. Lexical meaning is the whole word and the implications that must be interpreted in a construction.

3. Planting The process of searching for language symbols used to describe the concept of an object, the process of an object, and other things.

Semantic Examples:

Semantics is not only a branch of linguistic science. There are also many semantic material papers. This indicates that semantics is still a science that has received many studies from scientists. Here are also a few examples of meanings in semantics:

1. Grammatical Meanings
* "Smelled" has the meaning "Has a smell"
2. Constitutional Meaning
* Sister fell from the motorbike
*I fall in love
* His pride dropped

The three fall words have different meanings.
The meaning is different depending on the existing process.

In my opinion, studying semantics depends on one's goals, because everyone has different occupations. For example, a language teacher, it is very important for a language teacher to learn semantics, because he can explain to students, which forms are semantically correct and which forms are semantically wrong. How to choose a word used that can be accounted for in terms of semantics.
Language teachers can also explain which words are classified as homonyms, and meanings that have multiple meanings.

Then for a reporter, a reporter, someone who studies the world of news or news reports, the purpose of studying semantics is to get practical benefits to make it easier to choose and use words with the right meaning in conveying information to the general public. Although it can use a dictionary, but by studying semantics get a broader insight to find words with the right meaning so that the information conveyed to the public is easier to understand.

For a student majoring in language, the purpose of learning semantics is to make it easier to analyze languages ​​(both the language they have learned, the language they have not yet learned, and the language they will learn), it is easier to learn the meaning in language, then if a student wants to become a teacher, it can makes it easy for him to explain the meaning of certain words to prospective students.

For ordinary people, the purpose of studying semantics is to understand the world around them which is full of information and linguistic traffic. All information that is around them and which they must absorb. As a society they cannot possibly live without understanding the nature around them that goes through language.

So the conclusion in my opinion:
However everyone must learn semantics, even if it is only basic, whether it has a higher position than other people or an intermediate position, because every language has very different meanings, and we must be able to distinguish each of these meanings, because every language from various countries will have a different meaning, how much better we can distinguish the meaning in question than we misinterpret the meaning.
     
                              THANKSYOU😇

  
                   

Biodata nurhusaini

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Welcome friends blog on me .... 😇



I want to tell you friends, tell me a little bit about him.
Ok, my name is Nurhusaini, I live in the style, pelalawan riau. Yes, I am the first child of 4 siblings. Now I am 19 years old, I from school to high school have never been far from parents, and certainly no school out of the village That style is gays, said the father, while there is a school in our village, what should we do long before tomorrow we have finished high school, where do you want to go? He said, and hearing that, it feels like the heart is happy that the school can go out of the village. Eehh when I graduated from high school, I went to the university of S S S S Yellow Pekanbaru, When I entered semester one I felt like wanting to go back to my village to be accommodated and not wanting to be pressured to do, rightly said, it wasn't as good as living in a crew. It is true that semester 1 of gays is not able to be far from parents, it feels like I don't want to go to college anymore but my father said not to stop while my father was worse than you, sad, we didn't have a motorbike in my school. and hearing that I changed my mind, in my heart I said just go through the pain first problem was arrested ... And at the beginning of high school graduation I had no intention of going to college, but there was a heart in it that wanted to study in what university college but didn't want He told his parents, if he told me he was told to do it, while I didn't say that he always asked me where he wanted to go to college, he said, yes I said I didn't know what to do. And in the end I was also lectured so I followed what my father said again, and when I wanted to register at the university that I also liked, and regret came that the registration was closed. whatever power gays late to get into the university, and in the end of not going to college unemployed at home yes told by my father to lecture there was still registration and when I registered for the 3rd wave, and thank God he finally went to the university of yellow Lancang this, and why I majored in English Fkip this is gays because of parents la of course, from my desire no one wants to go to college but my father was very strong I wanted to enter into fkip with the English department yes I took the journals And now it feels like I'm still not sure so I've taken classes sometimes happy and sometimes not, I don't know my mood sometimes changes depending on the situation and environment. Until now I still enjoy my studies because my parents, even though I'm still lacking in English.

elcome friends blog on me....

about semantics in my opinion??

Semantics

Semantics is a linguistic and philosophical study of the natural meaning of languages, programming languages, formal logic, and semiotics related to the relationship between markers such as words, phrases, signs, and symbols - and what they stand for in their denotation is in fact. In international scientific vocabulary semantics is also called semasiology. Semantic words were first used by michel breal of a French philologist. they show a variety of ideas - from popular ones to very technical ones. these are often used in ordinary language to indicate understanding problems related to word choice or connotation has been the subject of many formal investigations, over a long period of time, especially in the field of formal semantics. In linguistics, this is the study of interpretations of signs or symbols used in agents or society in certain situations and contexts. In this view, sounds, facial expressions , body language, and proxemics have sem content antique (meaningful), and each consists of several branches of study. In written language, things like paragraph structure and punctuation contain semantic content.

Types of Semantics

There are several types of semantics that are known including:

Behaviorist Semantics

Behaviorist adherents have a general attitude: (1) Behaviorist adherents are not too sure about terms that are mentalistic in the form of mind, concept, and idea: (2) there is no essential difference between human and animal behavior: (3) prioritizing learning factors and are not sure of innate factors: and (4) the mechanism or its determination.

Based on the sketch the meaning is in the range between stimulus and response, between stimulus and answer. The meaning is determined by the situation which means determined by the environment. Therefore, meaning can only be understood if there is observable data in the environment of human experience. Example: a mother who feeds food on sibayi.

 Descriptive Semantics

Descriptive semantics are semantic studies that specifically show the current meaning. The meaning of the word when it first appears. Not noticed. For example, in Indonesian there is the word champion, the person who gets the highest ranking in a match without regard to the previous meaning, which is the regulator or the divorce in the chicken union. So, descriptive Semantics only pay attention to the present meaning.

1. Generative Semantics

Famous concepts in this genre are:

(1) competence, namely the ability or knowledge of the language understood in communication:

(2) the external structure, which is the language element in the form of words or sentences that sound like:

(3) inner structure, that is the meaning that is inside the outer structure. This flow became famous with the emergence of Chomsky's book in 1957 which was later updated.

2.Grammatical Semantics

Grammatical semantics is a simultaneous study which specifically examines the meaning contained in sentence units. Verhaar says Grammatical Semantic

3.Lexical Semantics

Lexical semantics is a more satisfying simultaneous study in the discussion of the meaning systems contained in words. Lexical semantics are not very difficult. A dictionary is a good example of lexical Semantics: the meaning of each word is described there. So, lexical semantics pays attention to the meaning contained in word sentences as independent units.

 4.Historical Semantics

Historical semantics is the study of semantics that examines systems of meaning in time series. This historical semantic study emphasizes the study of meaning in the span of time, not the change in word form. Changes in word form are studied more in hoistorical linguistics. The origin of the word becomes part of the etymology study. This semantic compares words based on periods or between words at a certain time with words in other languages. For example in BI there is the word rice and in Javanese there is the word pari. The phonemes / d / and / r / correspond.

5. Semantic Logic

Sematic logic is a branch of modern logic that deals with symbolic concepts and notations in semantic language analysis. Logic examines the system of meaning as seen from logic as it applies in mathematics that refers to the word study of meaning or interpretation of teachings, especially those formed in the logic system by Carnap is called semantics.

6.Structural Semantics

Structural semantics stems from the views of structural linguists pioneered by Saussure. Structuralists argue that every language is a system, a unique structural relationship consisting of units called structures. The structure is transformed into elements in the form of phonemes, morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and discourses which divide them into phonological studies, morphology, syntax, and discourse.

Semantics

Semantics is the study of the relationship between signs (symbols) with objects referred to by these signs

Semantics is the study of meaning.

Examples of Semantics

Multiple Meanings

One part of learning languages ​​is knowing many meanings of words.

Here are a few examples of words with more than one meaning:

A water pill at first glance could be a pill with water in it; but, it is understood to be a diuretic that causes a person to lose water from his body.

Crash can mean auto accident, a drop in the Stock Market, to attend a party without being invited, ocean waves hitting the shore or the sound of a cymbals being struck together.

A child’s alphabet block could be described as a wooden cube, learning aid, toy or block.

Words Without Meanings

Cleans like a white tornado

Do you have tired blood?

Thus the explanation of Semantics, hopefully it can be useful and used as a reference for learning guys.

Spirit of Learning😇

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahhiwabarokatu. Oke kita sekarang kan membahas tentang linguistik nii..apa itu linguistik? jadi linguistik menurut saya seperti ini teman-teman... 

(linguistik)

Ilmu linguistik sering juga disebut linguistik umum (linguistik umum). Artinya, ilmu linguistik tidak hanya mengkaji bahasa saja, melainkan mengkaji seluk beluk pada umumnya, yang dalam peristilahan perancis disebut langage.Dalam dunia keilmuan, tidak hanya linguistik saja yang mengambil bahasa sebagai objek kajiannya. Ilmu atau disiplin lain yang juga mengkaji bahasa diantaranya: ilmu susastra, ilmu sosial (sosiologi), psikologi, dan fisika. Yang membedakan linguistik dengan ilmu-ilmu tersebut adalah pendekatan terhadap objek kajiannya yaitu bahasa. Ilmu susastra mendekati bahasa sebagai wadah seni. Ilmu sosial mendekati dan memandang bahasa sebagai alat interaksi sosial di dalam masyarakat. Psikologi mendekati dan memandang bahasa sebagai pelahiran kejiwaan. Fisika mendekati dan memandang bahasa sebagai fenomena alam. Sedangkan linguistik mendekati dan memandang bahasa sebagai bahasa atau wujud bahasa itu sendiri.

Keilmiahan LinguistikPada dasarnya, setiap ilmu termasuk linguistik mengalami tiga tahap perkembangan yaitu:
Tahap pertama, yakni tahap spekulasi. Dalam tahap ini pembicaraan mengenai sesuatu dan cara mengambil kesimpulan dilakukan dengan spekulatif. Artinya, kesimpulan itu dibuat tanpa didukung oleh bukti-bukti empiris dan dilakukan tanpa menggunakan prosedur-prosedur tertentu. Dalam studi bahasa dulu orang mengira bahwa semua bahasa di dunia diturunkan dari bahasa Ibrani, Adam dan Hawa memakai bahasa Ibrani di Taman Firdaus, dan Tuhan berbicara dalam bahasa Swedia. Semuanya itu hanyalah spekulasi yang pada zaman sekarang sukar diterima.
Tahap kedua, yakni tahap observasi dan klasifikasi. Pada tahap ini para ahli bahasa baru mengumpulkan dan menggolongkan segala fakta bahasa dengan teliti tanpa memberi teori atau membuat kesimpulan.
Tahap ketiga, yakni tahap perumusan teori. Pada tahap ini setiap disiplin ilmu berusaha memahami masalah-masalah dasar dan mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai masalah-masalah itu berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan. Kemudian dirumuskan hipotesis yang berusaha menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan itu, dan menyusun tes untuk menguji hipotesis terhadap fakta yang ada.Linguistik telah mengalami tiga tahapan tersebut sehingga dapat dikatakan linguistik merupakan kegiatan ilmiah. 

B. Subdisiplin Linguistik 
Subdisiplin linguistik dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan objek kajiannya adalah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu:

1. objek kajiannya adalah bahasa pada masa tertentu atau bahasa sepanjang masa.
2. objek kajiannya adalah struktur internal bahasa itu atau bahasa itu dalam kaitannya dengan berbagai faktor di luar bahasa.
3. tujuan pengkajiannya apakah untuk keperluan teori atau untuk terapan.
4. teori atau aliran yang digunakan untuk menganalisis objeknya.

Berdasarkan Objek Kajiannya,
Apakah Bahasa pada Umumnya atau Bahasa Tertentu
Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan menjadi linguistik umum dan linguistik khusus. Linguistik umum adalah linguistik yang berusaha mengkaji kaidah-kaidah bahasa secara umum. Linguistik khusus berusaha mengkaji kaidah bahasa yang berlaku pada bahasa tertentu.

Berdasarkan Objek Kajiannya, 
Apakah Bahasa pada Masa Tertentu atau Bahasa Sepanjang Masa
Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan adanya linguistik sinkronik (linguistik deskriptif) dan linguistik diakronik (linguistik historis komparatif). Linguistik sinkronik mengkaji bahasa pada masa tertentu. Misalnya, mengkaji bahasa Indonesia pada tahun dua puluhan atau mengkaji bahasa Inggris pada zaman William Shakespeare. Linguistik diakronik berupaya mengkaji bahasa pada masa yang tidak terbatas; bisa sejak awal kelahiran bahasa itu sampai masa sekarang. Tujuan linguistik diakronik adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah struktural bahasa itu dengan segala bentuk perubahan dan perkembangannya.

Berdasarkan Objek Kajiannya adalah Struktur Internal Bahasa itu atau Bahasa itu dalam Kaitannya dengan Berbagai Faktor di Luar Bahasa.

Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan menjadi linguistik mikro (mikrolinguistik) dan linguistik makro (makrolinguistik). Linguistik mikro mengarahkan kajiannya pada struktur internal bahasa. Dalam linguistik mikro ada beberapa subdisiplin yaitu:

• Fonologi: menyelidiki tentang bunyi bahasa. 

• Morfologi: menyelidiki tentang morfem.

• Sintaksis: menyelidiki tentang satuan-satuan kata.

• Semantik: menyelidiki makna bahasa.

• Leksikologi: menyelidiki leksikon atau kosakata.

Linguistik makro menyelidiki bahasa dalam kaitannya dengan faktor-faktor di luar bahasa. Subdisiplin-subdisiplin linguistik makro antara lain:

• Sosiolinguistik: mempelajari bahasa dalam hubungan pemakaian di masyarakat. 

• Psikolinguistik: mempelajari hubungan bahasa dengan perilaku dana kal budi manusia.

• Antropolinguistik: mempelajari hubungan bahasa dengan budaya.

• Filsafat bahasa: mempelajari kodrat hakiki dan kedudukan bahasa sebagai kegiatan manusia.

• Stilistika: mempelajari bahasa dalam karya sastra.

• Filologi: mempelajari bahasa, kebudayaan, pranata, dan sejarah suatu bangsa sebagaimana terdapat dalam bahan tertulis.

• Dialektologi: mempelajari batas-batas dialek dan bahasa dalam suatu wilayah.

Berdasarkan Tujuan Pengkajiannya Apakah untuk Keperluan Teori atau Untuk Terapan
Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan menjadi linguistik teoritis dan linguistik terapan. Linguistik teoritis berusaha mengadakan penyelidikan bahasa hanya untuk menemukan kaidah-kaidah yang berlaku dalam objek kajiannya itu. Jadi, kegiatannya hanya untuk kepentingan teori belaka. Linguistik terapan berusaha mengadakan penyelidikan bahasa untuk kepentingan memecahkan masala-masalah praktis yang terdapat dalam masyarakat. Misalnya, untuk pengajaran bahasa, penyusunan kamus, dan pemahaman karya sastra. 

Berdasarkan Teori atau Aliran yang Digunakan untuk Menganalisis ObjeknyaBerdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan menjadi tradisional, linguistik struktural, linguistik tranformasional, linguistik generatif semantik, linguistik relasional, dan linguistik sistemik.

 C. Manfaat Linguisik
Linguistik memberi manfaat langsung kepada orang yang berkecimpung dalam kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan bahasa seperti linguis, guru bahasa, penerjemah, penyusun kamus, penyusun buku teks, dan politikus. Manfaat linguistik diantaranya:
1.Linguis: membantu menyelesaikan dan melaksanakan tugasnya dalam penyelidikan bahasa. 
2.Guru bahasa: melatih dan mengajarkan keterampilan berbahasa.