ABOUT SEMANTICS IS? ...

Semantics is a linguistic and philosophical study of meaning in language, programming languages, formal logic, and semiotics.
it deals with the relationship between markers-such as words, phrases, signs, and symbols-and what they stand for in reality.

Semantics is the study of the relationship between signs (symbols) with objects referred to by these signs.
In international scientific semantic vocabulary it is also called semasiology. The word semantics was first used by Michael Breal, a French philologist. It shows a variety of ideas - from popular to very technical. This is often used in ordinary language to describe understanding problems related to word choice or connotation. This understanding problem has been the subject of many formal, over a long period of time, especially in the formal semantic field. In linguistics, this is a studio about the interpretation of signs or symbols used in agents or communities in certain contexts and contexts. In this view, sounds, facial expressions, body language, and proxemics have semantic content (relationships), and each consists of several branches of study. In written language, things like paragraph structures and punctuation contain semantic content; other semantics.

Types of Semantics
There are several types of semantics that are known including:

    1.Behaviorist Semantics
Behaviorists have a general attitude:

(1) adherents of the behaviorist view are not too sure about terms that are mentalistic in the form of mind, concept, and ideas:

(2) there are no essential differences between human and animal behavior:

(3) prioritizing learning factors and not sure about innate factors: and

(4) the mechanism or its determination.

Based on the sketch the meaning is in the range between stimulus and response, between stimulation and answer. Meaning is determined by the situation, which means it is determined by the environment. Therefore, meaning can only be understood if there is observable data in the environment of human experience.

Example: a mother who feeds food on sibayi.

    2.Descriptive Semantics

Descriptive semantics are semantic studies that specifically show the current meaning. The meaning of the word when it first appears. Not noticed. For example, in the Indonesian language there is the word champion, the person who gets the highest rank in the match without regard to the previous meaning, namely the regulator or the divorce in the chicken union. So, descriptive Semantics only pay attention to the present meaning.

    3.Generative Semantics

Famous concepts in this genre are:

(1) competence, namely the ability or knowledge of the language understood in communication:

(2) external structure, namely language elements in the form of words or sentences that sound like: and

(3) inner structure, that is the meaning which is inside the outer structure. This flow became famous with the emergence of Chomsky's book in 1957 which was later updated.

Generative semantic theory emerged in 1968 because of linguist dissatisfaction with Chomsky's opinion. In their opinion semantic structures and syntactic structures are homogeneous. The inner structure is not the same as the semantic structure. To relate it is illustrated by one rule, namely transformation. This theory arrives at the conclusion that grammar consists of an internal structure that contains nothing but a semantic structure and an outer structure which is the embodiment of the utterances of these two structures connected by a process called transformation.

   4.Grammatical Semantics

Grammatical semantics is a simultaneous study which specifically examines the meaning contained in sentence units. Verhaar says Grammatical Semantics is much more difficult to analyze. To analyze the sentence still sitting, brother is already sleeping not only interpreted from the words that make it up. One must interpret the entire contents of the sentence as well as what is behind the sentence. A word will change its meaning when placed or combined with other words.

    5.Lexical Semantics

Lexical semantics is a more satisfying simultaneous study in the discussion of the meaning systems contained in words. Lexical semantics are not too difficult. A dictionary is a good example of lexical Semantics: the meaning of each word is described there. So, lexical semantics pays attention to the meaning contained in word sentences as independent units.

    6.Historical Semantics

Historical semantics is the study of semantics that examines systems of meaning in time series. This historical semantic study emphasizes the study of meaning in the span of time, not the change in word form. Changes in word form are studied more in hoistorical linguistics. The origin of the word becomes part of the etymology study. This semantic compares words based on periods or between words at a certain time with words in other languages. For example in BI there is the word rice and in Javanese there is the word pari. The phonemes / d / and / r / correspond.

    7.Semantic Logic

Sematic logic is a branch of modern logic that deals with symbolic concepts and notations in semantic language analysis. Logic examines the system of meaning as seen from logic as it applies in mathematics that refers to the word study of meaning or interpretation of teachings, especially those formed in the logic system by Carnap is called semantics.

In the semantics of logic discussed the meaning of proxies that are distinguished from sentences, because different sentences in the same language can be uttered in the same proportion. Instead, a sentence can be said in two or more proportions. Proportions can be right or wrong, and symbols are referred ts proportional variables in logic semantics.

8.Structural semantics is the study of the relationship between the meanings of terms in sentences, and how meanings can be arranged from smaller elements.

Semantic Definition According to Experts

1.Dr. Pateda Mansoer Semantics is a linguistic sub-discipline that discusses meaning.

2. Hurford and Heasley Semantics is one of the technical terms that refers to the study of the meaning of words. 

3. Encyclopedia of Britanica Semantics is the study of the relationship between a linguistic differentiator and the relationship of mental processes or symbols in speech activities. 

4. Kridalaksana Semantics, which is one part of the structure of language associated with the meaning of expressions and with the meaning structure of speech. 

5. Charles Morrist Semantics is one thing to examine the relationship of signs with objects that are containers for the application of these signs. 

6. Griffiths Semantics is the study of the meaning of science about codes in language vocabulary and patterns to construct more complex meanings, down to the level of sentence meanings. 

7. Chaer Semantics is a relationship between words and the concept or meaning of the word, as well as objects or things that are referred to by meaning that are outside of language. 

8. Kreidler Semantics is the systematic study of meaning, and linguistic semantics is the study of how language organizes and expresses meaning. 

9. Kambartel Semantics is to assume that language consists of structures that display meaning when related to objects in the experience of the human world. 

10. J.W.M Verhaar Semantics is one of the theories of meaning or theory of meaning, namely the systematic branch of language that investigates meaning or meaning. 

11. Tarigan Semantics can examine symbols or signs that express meaning, the relationship of meaning to one another, and its influence on humans and society. 

12. Palmer Semantics is a term that refers to a study of meaning, and because meaning is part of language, semantics is part of linguistics. 

13. Lyons Semantics is a relatively new origin term, which was created at the end of the nineteenth century from the meaning of the Greek verb which means "to signify". 

14. Lehrer Semantics is a very broad field of study, because it also alludes to aspects of the structure and function of language so that it can be linked to psychology, philosophy and anthropology.

Semantic Benefits:

1. For reporters, reporters and press reports Can make it easier to choose and use words with the right meaning in conveying information to the public. 

2. For Language Researchers To analyze the language being studied. Will provide theoretical and practical benefits. Will help in better understanding the language that will be taught. 
3. For the Laity To be able to understand the world that is full of information and linguistic traffic that continues to grow.

Semantic Elements:

Of course in all things there are elements that make up these things. There are three main elements that make up semantics.
The following are the elements and a brief explanation.

1. Signs and symbols Both of these are things that must exist in linguistics. Although rooted in linguistics, but if the sign is developed into a theory called semiotic, it will have three aspects that have semantic connection. The three aspects are syntactic, pragmatic, and sematic.

2. Referential Relationship and Lexical Meaning The lexical element is the smallest meaning that can be obtained from a language science. This lexical meaning can be distinguished from one another. Lexical meaning is the whole word and the implications that must be interpreted in a construction.

3. Planting The process of searching for language symbols used to describe the concept of an object, the process of an object, and other things.

Semantic Examples:

Semantics is not only a branch of linguistic science. There are also many semantic material papers. This indicates that semantics is still a science that has received many studies from scientists. Here are also a few examples of meanings in semantics:

1. Grammatical Meanings
* "Smelled" has the meaning "Has a smell"
2. Constitutional Meaning
* Sister fell from the motorbike
*I fall in love
* His pride dropped

The three fall words have different meanings.
The meaning is different depending on the existing process.

In my opinion, studying semantics depends on one's goals, because everyone has different occupations. For example, a language teacher, it is very important for a language teacher to learn semantics, because he can explain to students, which forms are semantically correct and which forms are semantically wrong. How to choose a word used that can be accounted for in terms of semantics.
Language teachers can also explain which words are classified as homonyms, and meanings that have multiple meanings.

Then for a reporter, a reporter, someone who studies the world of news or news reports, the purpose of studying semantics is to get practical benefits to make it easier to choose and use words with the right meaning in conveying information to the general public. Although it can use a dictionary, but by studying semantics get a broader insight to find words with the right meaning so that the information conveyed to the public is easier to understand.

For a student majoring in language, the purpose of learning semantics is to make it easier to analyze languages ​​(both the language they have learned, the language they have not yet learned, and the language they will learn), it is easier to learn the meaning in language, then if a student wants to become a teacher, it can makes it easy for him to explain the meaning of certain words to prospective students.

For ordinary people, the purpose of studying semantics is to understand the world around them which is full of information and linguistic traffic. All information that is around them and which they must absorb. As a society they cannot possibly live without understanding the nature around them that goes through language.

So the conclusion in my opinion:
However everyone must learn semantics, even if it is only basic, whether it has a higher position than other people or an intermediate position, because every language has very different meanings, and we must be able to distinguish each of these meanings, because every language from various countries will have a different meaning, how much better we can distinguish the meaning in question than we misinterpret the meaning.
     
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